. ... Water, for example, is a compound having two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in each molecule. 7. What is a hydrate? Scientists believe that compounds on the sea bed have trapped large amounts of methane in similar configurations. of ethanol. Definition, Naming, and Examples, Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Score, $CuSO_4$⋅ $5H_2O$ : Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (The Roman numerals in the name indicate the positive charge on the cation. Thus, more particularly, PGE and PGE are useful as hypotensive agents, remedies for gastric ulcer, remedies for asthma, contraceptives and labor-inducing agents. cycle with 6 units (alpha), with 7 units (beta) and with 8 units (gamma), large-ring cyclodextrin or cycloamylose with 9 units or more; Derivatives thereof, Inclusion compounds, i.e. It also relates to a process for producing clathrate compounds of prostaglandins or their analogues with cyclodextrin, characterized by reacting prostaglandins or their analogues react with cyclodextrin. of water was added to a solution prepared by dissolving 21.7 mg. of PGE decyl ester in 2.8 ml. In case of infusion, the administration is conducted for a long time and in an amount of 5-30 mg. PGF- -cyclodextrin may be administered in the same manner except that the total dosage in the form of vagina tablet, tablet, capsule or powder is 250 mg.5 g., while in the case of infusion it is mg.l g. Contraceptive A contraceptive agent in the form of vagina tablet, tablet, capsule or powder containing 'PGE -cyelodextrin may be administered in a total amount of 200 mg. to 1.2 g. (as l GE -cyclodextrin) as divided into 2-3 times with an interval of about 2 3 hours. Typically, nonelectrolytes are primarily held together by covalent rather than ionic bonds. Clathrate hydrates can form in the presence of gas molecules ranging from 0.48 to 0.90 nm in size. As primary compounds among them, there may be mentioned prostaglandin E (hereinafter referred to as PGE prostaglandin E (hereinafter referred to as PGE prostaglandin A (hereinafter referred to as PGA prostaglandin A (hereinafter referred to as PGA prostaglandin F (hereinafter referred to as PGF and prostaglandin F (hereinafter referred to as PGF which naturally occur in the living body and have potensive pharmacological activities. leukotrienes or prostaglandins, Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. What are hydrates? of ethanol. The mixture was heated to dissolve at 45 C. and then treated in the same manner as in Example 7 to obtain 285 mg. of the desired product. X.R. From Cambridge English Corpus In other words, clathrate hydrates are clathrate compounds in which the host molecule is water and the guest … Cryptands and crown ethers typically do not form inclusion complexes since the guest is bound by forces stronger than van der Waals bonding. of ethanol. What ACT target score should you be aiming for? In this guide, we give a complete explanation of hydrates, including the hydrate definition, the three different types of hydrates, the rules you need to know to name hydrates and write out their formulas, and common hydrate examples you may have heard of. 260 209 D 3,453,260 7/ 1969 Parmerteret al. After having been left standing overnight at 0 C., the precipitate was recovered by filtration and was washed with a 50% aqueous solution of ethanol and was dried under a reduced pressure to obtain 229 mg. of the desired product. Examples are oxygen, hydrocarbons, some ethers, halogens, CO2 and many more. The administrative dosage may vary over a wide range depending upon particular prostaglandin compound used, particular manner of administration, particular pharmaceutical form and particular disease to be treated. The mixture Was heated to dissolve at 45 C. and then treated in the same manner as in Example 7 to obtain 159 mg. of the desired product. Clathrate crystals have a structure in which the water molecules form a loosely held framework surrounding the gas molecule. A Comprehensive Guide. of water was added to a solution prepared by dissolving 28.8 mg. of PGA decyl ester in 4.4 ml. In organic chemistry, a hydrate is a compound formed by the addition of water or its elements to another molecule. There are various related types of molecular compounds frequently referred to as inclusion compounds or by similar names. PGF p-cyclodextrin clathrate. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes, Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. However, that is because clathrate comoxidative decomposition of a double bond or the like. 16. Because the water molecules aren't part of the compound's actual structure, this affects the way chemical formulas of inorganic hydrates are written. Further, the compounds containing the carbon skeletons similar to that of prostanoic acid have biological activities as well as prostaglandins and some of them exert much more excellent effects than prostaglandins. .ofiwatenwasadded. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.) EXAMPLE 6 A solution prepared by heating and dissolving 340 mg. of B-cyclodextrin in 4.7 ml. A common example of a nonelectrolyte is glucose, or C 6 H 12 O 6. 13. host-guest compounds, e.g. of ethanol. polyrotaxanes, GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS, TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC, TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS, Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions, Significant, tablet formulation, e.g. 2000 ). of ethanol. As explained above the clathrate compounds of this invention are useful as various therapeutic preparations in various pharmaceutical forms. Adjective. The above finding is unexpected because when urea or thiourea is used for a host molecule, prostaglandins or their analogues do not form the clathrate compounds therewith. A classical example of exclusively IN CLATHRATE HYDRATES dispersion guest host interactions is provided by the Clathrate hydrates are inclusion compounds whose increasing in the Ar Cr Xe series dissociation pres- crystal lattice is formed by hydrogen-bonded water sures at 298 K and decomposition enthalpies molecules. 1 Another area, in which hydrate formation is topical, is the oil industry, which has to fight the formation of gas clathrate hydrates in oil pipelines. The mixture was 5 a heated to dissolve at 45 C. and then treated in the same absorptlon values UV spectra weredelen-Pmed at Wave' manner as in Example 7 to obtain 198 mg. of the desired lengh 8 g the E i PGF of thlelr T9 3 a product. of water was added to a solution prepared by dissolving 30.21 mg. of 17-methyl PGE- (B) in 0.3 ml. The content of PGF in the product was 2.6%. TABLE 1 Stabilities against heat of clathrate compounds of prostaglandlns or their analogues with cyclodextrln. When this invention is practically applied to pharmaceutical'uses, it is also possible to make a pharmaceutical preparation comprising a mixture of the clathrate compounds of prostaglandins or their analogues with cyclodextrin and free cyclodextrin by using an excess of cyclodextrin in the reaction with prostaglandins or their analogues. In the case of the other prostaglandins or their analogues, they are also unstable compared with other drugs because of their presence of double bonds or OH groups in their structures. As mentioned above, prostaglandins and their analogues are expected as remedies for various diseases but these are unstable so that there is difiiculty in their application in pharmaceutical forms. 4. 6 0 PG 99.5 98.6 97.0, t 0H e 2.6 PG-CD 100 99 on P G 100 99 99 e 2 PG-CD 92. A cyclodextrin clathrate compound of a compound having the structure: when R or R is'hydro gen or whet 1R or lR is methyl, wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, X is -CH CH or C H=CH, R is -CH OH vor -COOR R R and R are hydrogen, or one of; R R and R is methyl and the re st are hydrogen, R is hydrogen or a straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with an oxygen containing group, and Y is trans -CH CH'. The above agents were mixed well and sieved through 42-mesh sieve. Organic compounds are those containing carbon atoms; inorganic compounds are those that do not contain carbon atoms. 8 98.8 98. of Water was added to a solution prepared by dissolving 25.40 mg. of PGE -9- carboethoxynonyl ester in 0.3 ml. There are three types of hydrates: inorganic, organic, and gas. 74 m m mm we 7 mu mw Wm we nu m 1 4 q S.. Dr D V n n n n 0 0 a c 0 c w v 00 G0 00 0G 0G 0G 0G as H. PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PP 2m 3 5 6 9 I 8 3 0 M m m on 5 5 m 2 a n w m nmfw n m. 1 n T m O 4 O m m w H H H O O O. m 0 o 0 H 0v 0 0 3m 0 c m on am e 0 mm m m H w a m 20 g 1 FH 0 mm E E E 0 E dm m P P x P P we 4 H w. Hw. 2 P G 94. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. Further the present invention relates to the use of clathrate compounds of prostaglandins or their analogues with cyclodextrin in pharmaceutical forms. SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination BoardTM. Such stable prostaglandins have never been known up to the present. Aqueous formulation containing a piperidinylcyclopentylheptenoic acid derivative and beta-cyclodextrin, Pharmaceutical compositions for treatment diseases associated with reducing osseous mass and comprising ep4 agonist as active component, Endogenous repair factor production promoters, Therapeutic agent for urinary excretion disorder. Use: Borax is an ingredient in many cosmetics, detergents, enamel glazes, and fire retardants. Clathrate definition is - relating to or being a compound formed by the inclusion of molecules of one kind in cavities of the crystal lattice of another. Use: Epsom salts have a variety of uses including soothing sore muscles, as bath salts, to reduce systolic blood pressure, and as a soil additive to help plants grow. Traditionally, clathrate compounds are polymeric and completely envelop the guest molecule, but in modern usage clathrates also include host-guest complexesand inclusion compounds. The ozone clathrate may be provided over a broad range of concentrations. w-HOHIO PGE has a more superior eifect of inhibiting platelet aggregation than PGE In case functional group(s) of prostaglandins or compounds containing the carbon skeletons similar to that of prostanoic acid is substituted by other functional group( s), the resulting compounds also have excellent effects. Due to the low thermostabilities of the gest molecules, it is preferable that this reaction is conducted at a temperature below 70 C. Especially in the case of PGE or its analogues, it is preferable to conduct the reaction at a temperature of 20-60 C. The process for producing the clathrate compounds will be illustrated by the following examples. The clathrate hydrate host lattice can form hydrogen bonded water molecule cages of various sizes and geometries capable of trapping a wide variety of guest atoms and molecules. of ethanol. An important example of a lattice clathrate is methane hydrate, in which methane molecules are physically trapped in … 16-Methyl PGE (B) fl-cyclodextrin clathrate. The quantitative'analysiswas conducted in the following'mamer; Thu's', PGA; PGE and their analogues isomerized with alkali to PGB ortheir analogues and their (B) decyl ester in 0.2 ml. The mixture was heated to dissolve at 45 C. and was then treated in the same manner as in Example 7 to obtain 224 mg. of the desired product. 14.3 gives an example of a natural gas molecule with each hydrate structure. Withdrawn Application number EP89301087A Other languages German (de) French (fr) The yield was 260 mg. In case of infusion, the administration is conducted for a long time with a total dosage of 20 mg.- mg. PGF -cyclodextrin may be administered in the same manner except that the total dosage in the form of vagina tablet, tablet, capsule or powder is 1--8 g. while in the case of infusion it is 500 mg.5 g. Remedy for ulcer For remedy for ulcer, PGE -cyclodextrin in the form of tablet, capsule or powder may be continuously and orally administered with a dosage of 5-50 mg. (as PGE cyclodextrin) day/ adult. The most preferred channel forming inclusion compound is a starch modified specifically to be able to form Clathrates. Clathrate compounds are those in which two (or more) components are associated without ordinary chemical union through complete enclosure of one molecular kind by a suitable structure formed by the other. 260 209 D 3,472,835 10/ 1969 B'uckler et'al 260-209 D JOHNNIE R. BROWN, PrimaryExaminer US. PGA decyl ester ,B-cyclodextrin clathrate. of water was added to a solution prepared by dissolving 23.8 mg. of PGA in 1.0 ml. EXAMPLEAG m a A solutionprepared byheatinand-dissolvingl tion prepared by dissolving 6.95 mg. of lfi miethyl PGE product were. of ethanol and the mixture was heated to dissolve at 45 C. and then treated in the same manner as in Example 7 to obtain 154 mg. of the desired product. Nonelectrolytes are compounds that do not ionize at all in solution. For hydrate chemistry names, the salt's name is written out first, then a prefix depending on the number of water molecules, then the word "hydrates.". There are specific rules to follow for writing formulas of and naming inorganic hydrates. 8 99. Below are five common hydrate examples. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. The content of l6-methyl PGE: (B) decyl ester i o guinea plg co on w emp Oye m e in the product was 3.0%. An example of a hydrate formula is $CaCl_2$ ⋅ $2H_2O$. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient, Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. minicompound. H w. H w. m 0 0 m0" 0 m0" 0 mo 0 mo h E e e e e m G m m m m Nm P w H m m I OH IG-methyl PGE: decyl ester 0 (CH1)BCHI" 1 The contents are represented by percentages (w./w.) 8 84. The content of a-methyl PGE in the product was 9.5%. Here are some examples of hydrate formulas along with their names so you can get a better sense of hydrate compound names. Chemical nature Organic chemistry. of p-cyclodextrinin 6.0. m1. Since all the obtained clathrate compounds are white powdery and so easy to deal with, they are very useful for various pharmaceutical forms such as injection, tablets, aerosol, powder and the like. of ethanol. Washing soda is efflorescent, which means it loses some of its water molecules at room temperature. Each capsule contained 2 mg. of PGE'i decyl ester. 2 98. PGE alcohol fl-cyclodextrin clathrate. The biological activities of the clathrate compounds of this invention, that is to say, hypotensive effects, contractive effects of uterine or intestinal smooth muscle, gastric secretion inhibiting effects or the like, were almost similar to those of the original prostaglandins or their analogues. 4 EXAMPLE 8 A solution prepared by heating and dissolving 257 mg. of B-cyclodextrin in 6.0 ml. It would be significant in this respect" that, according to the invention, the cyclodextrin clathrate compounds first enabled to use prostaglandins in pharmaceutical forms. EXAMPLE 3 A solution prepared by heating and dissolving 480 mg. of fi-cyclodextrin in 4.7 ml. While you're doing the laundry, you may be working with hydrates! The content of PG 234 in the product was 5.5%. The second part of the name begins with a prefix. Most of the rest of this guide will focus on inorganic hydrates. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. This was useful as an injection containing 1 mg. of PGE when dissolved in a 0.9% saline solution for injection. of water was added to a solution prepared by dissolving 14.42 mg. of PG 234 in 0.2 ml. For. The mixture was heated to dissolve at 60 C. and then treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the desired product. Below are the prefixes for different numbers of water molecules. Non-examples. The mixture was heated to dissolve at 60 C. and then treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the desired product. The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points, How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer. The mixture was heated to dissolve at 60 C. and then treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the desired product. US3816393A US00147255A US14725571A US3816393A US 3816393 A US3816393 A US 3816393A US 00147255 A US00147255 A US 00147255A US 14725571 A US14725571 A US 14725571A US 3816393 A US3816393 A US 3816393A Authority US United States Prior art keywords cyclodextrin pge analogues clathrate compounds Prior art date 1970-06-10 Legal status (The legal status is an … 0 55. A vagina tablet is inserted in the vagina, while tablet, capsule or powder is administered orally.