{ bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_HDX' }}, How to use disseminate in a sentence. Treatments for endocarditis include … googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_tc", "resp"); pbjs.que.push(function() { { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, }); { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346693' }}, googletag.enableServices(); bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '1666926', position: 'btf' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [160, 600] }}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, window.__tcfapi('removeEventListener', 2, function(success){ iasLog("exclusion label : resp"); We used two different models of bacterial infection by using Bt1, relapsing infection in C3H/HeJ mice and persistent infection in C56BL/6-RAG1 deficient (RAG1 −/−) mice. type: "cookie", Dissemination by Exporting and Importing of … googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_pc", "dictionary"); var mapping_leftslot = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1063, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600]]).addSize([963, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); Some bacteria can survive on inanimate objects, in water or inside insects. name: "_pubcid", Image courtesy Dr. Shabbir A. Rizvi, © The American Phytopathological Society. {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_leftslot' }}]}, ga('require', 'displayfeatures'); { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_leftslot' }}, expires: 365 { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_btmslot_300x250' }}, partner: "uarus31" },{ }; Fungi causing vascular wilts, in turn, get benefit from the xylem vessel. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_c", ["arts_entertainment_media"]); 'cap': true { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, No matter how the bacterial pathogens are disseminated, they require a wound or natural opening, such as stomata, to get inside a plant host. Most of these pathogens, whether inducing a small lesion, a large infected area, or a general necrosis of the plant, continue to grow and branch out within the infected host indefinitely so that the same pathogen individual spreads into more and more plant tissues until the spread of the infection is stopped or the plant is dead. 'min': 8.50, Mechanism # 11. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, {code: 'ad_topslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 50], [320, 50], [320, 100]] } }, name: "identityLink", pid: '94' Fungi ga('set', 'dimension3', "default"); 'min': 31, to scatter or spread widely, as though sowing seed; promulgate extensively; broadcast; disperse. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195466', size: [728, 90] }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [160, 600] }}, params: { iasLog("criterion : cdo_t = communication"); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(false); Improve your vocabulary with English Vocabulary in Use from Cambridge.Learn the words you need to communicate with confidence. Hematogenous spread of bacteria is part of the pathophysiology of certain infections of the heart (endocarditis), structures around the brain , and tuberculosis of the spine (Pott's disease). In some fungal infections, however while younger hayphae continue to grow in new healthy tissues, the older parts of the hyphae die out. {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Fungi: A Kingdom of Achlorophyllous Eukaryotes, Secretory Tissue: A Laticiferous Discussion, Minerals: A solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance (Part 1), Thermodynamics: A Relationships Between Heat and Other Forms of Energy (Part 2), Thermodynamics: A Relationships Between Heat and Other Forms of Energy (Part 1), Hydrangea: A Natural pH Indicator & Wonder of Colors, Bacteria, nematodes, and spores and mycelial fragments of fungi present in the soil are disseminated by rain or irrigation water that moves on the surface or, All bacteria and the spores of many fungi are exuded in a sticky liquid and depend on rain or (overhead) irrigation water, which either washes them downward or splashes. Dissemination takes on the theory of the traditional view of communication, which involves a sender and receiver.The traditional communication view point is broken down into a sender sending information, and receiver collecting the information processing it and sending information back, like a telephone line.. With dissemination, only half of this communication model theory is applied. dfpSlots['btmslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/btmslot', [[300, 250], 'fluid'], 'ad_btmslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_btmslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'btm').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date; Each one of these pathogensis transmitted, internally, by only one or a few speciesof insects during feeding and movement of the insect vectors from plant to plant. "sign-up": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signup?rid=READER_ID", The bacteria were cultivated on selective agar and characterized by antibiotic testing, real-time PCR targeting carbapenemase genes and typing. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, Dissemination of bacteria can be accomplished by several means. Invasion { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot' }}, {code: 'ad_leftslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_leftslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/leftslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600]] } }, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11653860' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; Pyroligneous acid mitigated dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in soil. googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, },{ if(refreshConfig.enabled == true) Meaning. The time interval between inoculation and the appearance of disease symptoms is called the incubation period. dfpSlots['houseslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/houseslot', [300, 250], 'ad_houseslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_houseslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').setCategoryExclusion('house').addService(googletag.pubads()); dfpSlots['rightslot'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/rightslot', [[300, 250]], 'ad_rightslot').defineSizeMapping(mapping_rightslot).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').addService(googletag.pubads()); var pbMobileLrSlots = [ { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}, {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, 'max': 30, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, The human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) in animal feces may disseminate to agricultural soils with their land application as organic fertilizer. The study followed the dissemination of resistant bacteria from the wastewater through the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) into the receiving surface waters. gdpr: { The long bones of the arms and legs are most commonly involved in children, while the feet, spine, and hips are most commonly involved in adults. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776156', position: 'atf' }}, iasLog("criterion : cdo_ei = dissemination"); }], { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, window.__tcfapi('addEventListener', 2, function(tcData, success) { { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971079', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 250] }}, pbjs.que = pbjs.que || []; bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, (ii) Pathogens like, bacteria are often disseminated by splashing of raindrops, as in case of Citrus canker disease (iii) Dissemination of conidia of red rot fungus (Colletotrichum falcatum) takes place through flowing irrigation water or rain water . { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [120, 600] }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, "authorizationTimeout": 10000 { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971063', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, iasLog("setting page_url: - https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/dissemination"); { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, The plural of bacterium. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446381' }}, var pbjs = pbjs || {}; 'cap': true bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776140', position: 'atf' }}, Transporting contaminated soil on their feet or equipment, using contaminated containers, and using infected transplants, seed, nursery stock, and budwood. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971079', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, Modified entries © 2019 by … Around 90 percent of cases involve multiple organs and have a nearly 100 percent risk of death if left untreated. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot' }}]}, dfpSlots['topslot_b'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/topslot', [[728, 90]], 'ad_topslot_b').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_b).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); Dissemination by water: Water is important in disseminating pathogens in three { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; Most fungi spread into all the tissues of the plant organs (leaves, stems, and roots) they infect, either by growing directly through the cells as an intracellular mycelium or by growing between the cells as an intercellular mycelium.