Where two (or more than three) flags appear together, the national flag should be placed to the right (left of the observer); in a display of three flags in line, the national flag occupies the central position. [106] The Vittoriano also houses the Flag Memorial (it. It is decreed. The chromatic tones of the three colours mentioned above, on polyester stamina, are enshrined in paragraph 1 of article n. 31 "Colour definition of the colours of the flag of the Republic", of Section V "Flag of Republic, National Anthem, National Feasts and State Funeral", of Chapter II "General provisions relating to ceremonial", of the annex "Presidency of the Council of Ministers – State Ceremonial Department", to the decree of the President of the Council of ministers of 14 April 2006 "General provisions on ceremonial and precedence between public offices", published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale No. The Italian national colours appeared for the first time in Genoa on a tricolour cockade on 21 August 1789, anticipating by seven years the first green, white and red Italian military war flag, which was adopted by the Lombard Legion on 11 October 1796. [17] On this document, with reference to its war flag, which followed the French tricolour and which was proposed to Napoleon by the Milanese patriots,[18] it is reported that this military unit would have had a red, white and green banner (red and white in honor of the flag of Milan, and green from the uniform of the civic guard of Milan). The standard is kept in the custody of the Commander of the Reggimento Corazzieri of the Arma dei Carabinieri, along with the war flag (assigned to Regiment in 1878). [87], Also due to the Italian layout, the Italian flag is also quite similar to the flag of Ireland, with the exception of orange instead of red (although the shades used for the two colours are very similar[113]) and proportions (2:3 against 1:2). See, Regio decreto n. 2072 del 24 settembre 1923, convertito nella legge n. 2264 del 24 dicembre 1923, Decreto legislativo del capo provvisorio dello stato n. 1305 del 9 novembre 1947 (GU 275 del 29 novembre 1947), Article 1 of the law n. 671 of 31 December 1996 ("National celebration of the bicentenary of the first national flag"), Article 1 of the law n. 222 of 23 November 2012 ("Rules on the acquisition of knowledge and skills in the field of" Citizenship and Constitution "and on the teaching of the Mameli hymn in schools"), Foglio d'ordini n. 76 del 22 settembre 1965; Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica del 22 marzo 1990 e del 29 giugno 1992, "Le funzioni del Presidente della Repubblica, in ogni caso che egli non possa adempierle, sono esercitate dal Presidente del Senato" (the functions of the President of the Republic, in all cases in which he cannot carry them out, shall be exercised by the President of the Senate), Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica n. 19/N del 14 ottobre 1986, Regio decreto del 22 aprile 1879. [35] These lasted until 6 and 24 August 1849 respectively. The current version is based on the square flag of the Napoleonic Italian Republic, on a field of blue, charged with the emblem of Italy in gold. After 7 January 1797 popular support for the Italian flag grew steadily, until it became one of the most important symbols of the Risorgimento, which culminated on 17 March 1861 with the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, when the tricolour became the national flag. [36], This spread throughout the Italian peninsula was the demonstration that the tricolour flag had by now assumed a consolidated symbolism valid throughout the national territory. [42], With the March on Rome (1922) and the establishment of the fascist dictatorship the Italian flag lost its symbolic uniqueness partly obscured by the iconography of the regime. Following its adoption, the tricolour became one of the most recognizable and defining features of united Italian statehood in the following two centuries of the history of Italy. The Cispadane Republic supplanted the Duchy of Milan after Napoleon's victorious army crossed Italy in 1796. [5] During the Napoleonic period, the three colours acquired a more idealistic meaning for the population: the green represents hope, the white represents faith and the red represents love. The Cispadane Republic and the Transpadane Republic, which had itself been using a vertical Italian tricolour from 1796, merged into the Cisalpine Republic and adopted the vertical square tricolour without badge in 1798. [67], Flag of the Cisalpine Republic (1798–1802), Flag of the Italian United Provinces (1831), Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1848–1849), Flag of the Republic of San Marco (1848–1849), Flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1848–1851), Flag of the Kingdom of Sicily (1848–1849), Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1848–1849), Flag of the Free cities of Menton and Roquebrune (1848–1849), Flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1851–1861), Flag of the United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860), Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1860–1861), Flag of the Italian Social Republic (1943–1945), War flag of the Italian Social Republic (1 December 1943 to 5 May 1944)[68], War flag of the Italian Social Republic (6 May 1944 to 7 May 1945)[51], Flag of the National Liberation Committee (1943–1945), Flag of the Trust Territory of Somaliland (1950–1960). This flag was somewhat rarely seen, however, while the war flag, charged with a silver/black eagle clutching horizontally placed fascio littorio (literally, bundles of the lictors), was very common in propaganda. [102], There are many museums that host at least one historic Italian flag. A philosophic and Catholic interpretation associates the tricolour with the theological virtues: Hope (Green), Faith (White), and Love (Red). It was in this period that the green, white and red tricolour predominantly penetrated the collective imagination of the Italians, becoming, to all intents and purposes, an unequivocal symbol of Italianness. [46][47], In 1926, the Fascist government attempted to have the Italian national flag redesigned by having the fasces, the symbol used by the Fascist movement, included in the flag. The main colours are blue and gold, which have always been considered colours linked to the command. A red flag with the inscription "Munkáspárt" (Workers' Party) … [...], "Well, Prince, so Genoa and Lucca are now just family estates of the Bonapartes,", "Per viemmeglio dimostrare con segni esteriori il sentimento dell'unione italiana vogliamo che le Nostre truppe ... portino lo scudo di Savoia sovrapposto alla bandiera tricolore italiana." The President of the Italian Republic has an official standard. [78] This version was short lived however as only two years later it was replaced by the 1965 standard, only with a smaller emblem. [4][5][6] Shortly after the French revolutionary events, even in Italy the ideals of social innovation began to spread widely – on the basis of the advocacy of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 – and subsequently also political, with the first patriotic ferments addressed to the national self-determination: for this reason the French blue, white and red flag became the first reference of the Italian Jacobins and subsequently a source of inspiration for the creation of an Italian identity flag. [103], The most important exhibition space that hosts Italian tricolour flags is found in the architectural complex of the Altare della Patria in Rome. The Frecce Tricolori, officially known as the 313º Gruppo Addestramento Acrobatico, is its aerobatic demonstration team. [4] It is on the French flag that the documents, at least until the entrance of the Italian Napoleonic army in Milan in October 1796, refer when they use the term "tricolor". [42] It then began to appear outside public buildings, schools, judicial offices and post offices . [48] Afterwards, the Fascist government raised the national tricolour flag along with a Fascist black flag in public ceremonies. The Italian naval ensign comprises the national flag defaced with the arms of the Marina Militare; the Marina Mercantile (and private citizens at sea) use the civil ensign, differenced by the absence of the mural crown and the lion holding open the gospel, bearing the inscription PAX TIBI MARCE EVANGELISTA MEVS, instead of a sword. A vertical tricolour of green, white, and red. The Republican tricolour was then officially and solemnly delivered to the Italian military corps on 4 November 1947 on the occasion of National Unity and Armed Forces Day. [71], The shades of green, white and red were first specified by these official documents:[71][72], New documents then replaced the previous ones:[72]. As a sign of mourning, flags flown externally shall be lowered to half-mast; two black ribbons may be attached to those otherwise displayed. There are no international conventions on flying the flag, but protocol adopted by a large number of countries have such similarities as to suggest lines of commonly accepted practice. [85], The standard of President of the Council of Ministers of Italy, introduced for the first time in 1927 by Benito Mussolini, in its first form a littorio beam appeared in the middle of the drape.