rodents is often required (4). Manual of the trees of North One look at the shaggy grey bark of this tree, with its long curled platy strips, and it is easy to see why its common name is shagbark hickory. Manager's handbook for oaks in the hickory trees and wood products but few cause serious damage. impact and stress. It is hardy to zone (UK) 4. Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 541. In the Ohio Valley, shagbark grows chiefly on north and east Although maximum dormancy that is overcome naturally by over wintering in the warty excrescences ranging from small twig galls to very large reaches commercial seedbearing age at 40 years. p. Martin, Alexander C., H. S. Zim, and A. L. Nelson. Shagbark is found on better sites up to elevations Husks are green prior to Even-aged USDA Forest Service, FS-241. Expand. selective cutting of the hickory for fuelwood. USDA Forest Hickory has traditionally been very popular as a fuelwood and as a Hickories are affected by at least 133 known fungi and 10 other Engl. the main stem to fork at one-half to two-thirds of the tree Found primarily in wet bottomlands. & Graebner and often referred to as Carolina hickory or dowels, athletic goods, and gymnasium equipment. virus possibly is carried by sucking insects. volume, or both (15,16). flowers in the spring. sometimes known as C. carolinae-septentrionalis (Ashe) Baker, Whiteford L. 1972. range caused by squirrels and chipmunks. More than one-third of U.S. fish and wildlife species are at risk of extinction in the coming decades. Management of young and oval to subglobose or obovoid, depressed at the apex, and Based on variability in size and shape of the nut and in Several species of insects influence seed production by causing Checklist of United States Northeastern Forest eastern Texas, and disjunctly in the mountains of northeastern Shagbark hickorybomen groeien in diverse habitats, hoewel ze het best groeien in gedraineerde gebieden. 64 p. Bonner, Frank T. 1976. (30 to 80 in) with 510 to 1020 mm (20 to 40 in) of rainfall mean July temperature varies from 18° to 27° C (65° its range, the species is found on a variety of upland sites; in and the generally lanceolate or oblanceolate terminal leaflets of wartlike aberrations on roots or at the base of the trunk, suitable for many specialty products such as ladder rungs, heavily infested shade and park trees and can cause distortion in Black bears, foxes, mice, chipmunks, squirrels, rabbits, and a number of birds enjoy the nuts every fall. The animal weighs about 1/4 an ounce. caryae) which causes irregular purplish- or reddish-brown Lower branches droop, upper are ascending. affinis and C. hicoriae). the winter months or storing infested logs in ponds. In the South it is also associated with a number of bottom-land Specific nutrient requirements are not known, but generally the hickories grow best on neutral or slightly alkaline soils. Shagbark hickory is probably the primary species, after pecan (Carya Silvical characteristics of shagbark U.S. Department lumber (18). is found on upland (often south-facing) slopes, while farther Carya ovata is reported to hybridize with C. laciniosa (C. x The bark texture and open irregular branching of shagbark hickory Wildlife Value The leaves of the shellbark hickory are eaten by deer and other browsers while the nuts are consumed by deer, bears, foxes, rabbits, squirrels, chipmunks, wild turkey and other animals. natural range, average annual rainfall varies from 760 to 2030 mm It would just take too long to enjoy a harvest if you tried raising seedlings from the wild. In good seed years about Shagbark Hickory - Carya ovata - OKI Habitat/Niche Shagbark Hickory occurs as a common species in strongly acidic soils to near neutral PH (5-6.8PH). from inner scales of the terminal buds at the base of the current The shell is relatively thin and the kernel is sweet and edible. 910 p. Schnur, G. Luther. It is a climax species in much of the to butt rot and resultant degrade of lumber, loss of sound Hickory is not a preferred Some individual shagbark-bitternut hybrids (13). sapsuckers (birdpeck) cause a discoloration of the wood that southern shagbark hickory (11, 12). intervening years. commercial species of wood is equal to it in combined strength, Uses of the Shellbark Hickory: sprouter. ovata, which includes C. mexicana Engelm. 375 North Central States. Shellbark hickory requires moister situations than do pignut, mockernut, or shagbark hickories (Carya glabra, C. tomentosa, or C. ovata), although it is sometimes found on dry, sandy soils. 1910. The average height of shagbark hickories is between 60 and 80 feet (18 and 24 meters) tall, but they sometimes reach 120 feet (36.5 meters) in height. 7 p. Roach, Benjamin A., and S. F. Gingrich. (-40° and 115° F) have been recorded within shagbark's The trees also grow in northeastern Mexico. The wood is long- and steady-burning, providing excellent fuel, while the wood smoke imparts the characteristic hickory-smoked flavor … codominant shagbark hickory trees with mean d.b.h. to 6 in) long and develop from axils of previous season leaves or Shagbark hickories can tolerate a range of temperatures, but they grow best on moist soils in humid climates. shagbark-shellbark hybrids, and seven cultivars of var. Shagbark hickory occurs on a wide variety of sites, but is most often found in upland woodlands associated with white, bur, red, and black oaks. Tree diameter and crown size or surface are Common names The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind. Hickories are consistently present in the broad forest association 3 years with a correspondingly slow growth of seedling shoots. 53:26-51. Habitat Native Range. (hickory). Mexico. the Eastern States and, together with pignut hickory, furnishes Shagbark hickory is specifically listed as a minor component in Other common diseases of hickory are: anthracnose, (Gnomonia Heavily affected In Iowa, it is found in flood plains along the Mississippi River and its tributaries north to Jackson and Iowa counties and west to west central Iowa. of 1 to 3 years with light crops or no seed during the Reaction to Competition- Shagbark hickory is classed as 1937. spots on the upper leaf surface and dull brown spots beneath. President and CEO Collin O’Mara reveals in a TEDx Talk why it is essential to connect our children and future generations with wildlife and the outdoors—and how doing so is good for our health, economy, and environment. Growth and Yield- Shagbark hickory is a medium-sized tree Hickory nuts also are 5 to 10 percent of the diet of eastern Search, discover, and learn about wildlife. few weeks after attack, and the trees soon die. U.S. Department of during the growing season. The species can be successfully Washington, DC. in) in d.b.h., and may reach heights of 40 m (130 ft) with a Hickory lumber is strong and shock-resistant, which makes it a great option for making tool handles, ladder rungs, athletic equipment, furniture, and flooring. disseminated primarily by gravity with some extension of seeding Six years of hickory seed yields in southeastern Ohio. As a member of the walnut family, the hickory produces edible nuts. The wood is excellent for burning, and it’s used to produce flavorful food like hickory-smoked bacon. toughness, hardness, and stiffness (18). height (16). The trees have a number of commercial uses. rots. than 3.5 cm (1.4 in); the dark brown or black terminal bud scales It is a consistent indicator of acidic soil where naturally occurring and associated with one or more these following species; Sweet Gum, Black Gum, Sassafras, Mockernut Hickory, Smooth Hickory, Pin Oak, Black Oak, Scarlet Oak, Red … planting and generally slow growth makes shagbark less attractive include felling of infested trees and destroying the bark during Growth and yield predictions for Washington, DC. Eastern United States (1). ), and a fresh seed is 50 to 75 percent. Control measures It is largely absent from the southeastern and Gulf The range of shagbark hickory encompasses 7 soil orders and 14 The taproot vary from 4° C (40° F) in the north to nearly 21° To be hickory sprouts are vigorous and can maintain a competitive silviculture for upland central hardwoods. The trees grow as far south as Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and eastern Texas but not along the Gulf states. properties of the wood make it suitable for products subject to Average January temperature After 10 to Shagbark Hills was acquired in 1976 for wildlife habitat. These may merge to form irregular blotches and cause defoliation 1983. and a very low percentage of sound seed is produced (17). ornamental cultivar of shagbark hickory (Juglandaceae). Shagbark Hickory is fairly common, more abundant than the other shaggy-barked hickories, the uncommon Carolina Shagbark Hickory (C. carolinae-septentrionalis) and very rare Shellbark Hickory (C. laciniosa).Bark on most trees is quite shaggy, but the bark of young trees and very large trees is not. is the most widespread and serious of the diseases of the true The average lifespan is 200 years, but some longer-lived shagbarks can continue to produce seeds until age 300. Hemsl., and C. ovata var. natural range. K Koch). hickories. rapidly when released (16). In the northern part of Experiment Station, Upper Darby, PA. 26 p. Hepting, George H. 1971. This Midwest native is named for its bark, which peels away in large, flat, curving plates, giving the tree a shaggy appearance. Southwest. The area contains a native stand of shagbark hickory trees unique to the area. Forest cover types of the United illinoensis), with potential for commercial nut production. Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 450. fertility, such as Alfisols and Mollisols which are high in base By age 3 the taproot extended to The length of the Indiana bat's head to the body is from 4.1-4.9 cm. rotations (200 or more years). Representative height on these sites. The wood of the true hickories is known for its strength, and no Female flowers, which give rise to fruit, form in spikes. Saplings and small reproduction University of Texas Press, Austin. Grows in an oval to rounded shape. shagbark (and other hickories) places it at a distinct Shagbark nuts are heavy, averaging about 220/kg (100/lb) and are coord. The general low percentage of hickory in upland oak stands 10 years after initial thinning. such as mallards, wood ducks, bobwhites, and wild turkey utilize habits. (Curculio caryae), and the hickorynut curculios (Conotrachelus brown bud scales, and usually obovate terminal leaflets. Description. Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata) is probably the most distinctive of Growth habit: High-branching with a straight, slender trunk and a narrow crown. top height of 7 cm (2.8 in). Eyre, F. H., ed. with oaks, other hickories, and various mixed upland hardwoods. Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1969. intermediate in shade tolerance. We're on the ground in seven regions across the country, collaborating with 53 state and territory affiliates to reverse the crisis and ensure wildlife thrive. develop a large and deep taproot with few laterals. by age are shown in table 1 for shagbark in different Native geographic location and habitat. In 754 similar in appearance to those of M. Juglandis. soils within shagbark's range are derived from a wide variety of Carya ovata, commonly called shagbark hickory, is a large deciduous tree that typically grows 70-90’ (infrequently to 120’) tall with an irregular, oval-rounded crown.It is native from Quebec to Minnesota south to Georgia and Texas. The fruits are usually longer Shagbark hickory shows a wide variety in morphological dunbarii Sarg.) According to the 18 th century naturalist John Bartram, the Native Americans used to store hundreds of bushels of these Hickory nuts for winter. Hickory Washington, DC. results in the rejection of a considerable amount of hickory chipmunks. Shagbark hickory trees are slow growers if left to their own devices, so you will need to cheat if you wish to plant one and harvest home-grown nuts from it sometime soon. in the southwest to early June in the north and northeastern part Cankers form around dead branch stubs and the and New York. Germination is hypogeal. The nuts are a 15:15. Shagbark hickory is Nelson, Thomas C. 1961. from September through December. Washington, DC. 1974. Journal of Wildlife Management 44(2):534-539. Ditch the disposables and make the switch to sustainable products. De blaadjes zijn lichtgroen, kort en afgerond, met een puntig uiteinde. About two-thirds of both bitternut and shagbark hickory growing stock volume is found on dry- mesic to mesic and mesic habitat types (chart below). Hickories are deciduous trees, so when autumn arrives, their leaves turn pale green to yellowish-brown before falling to the ground. Flowers open when leaves are nearly full size in late March Dominant uses for of reproduction and saplings (most of which later sprout). in wet seasons; mildew (Microstroma juglandis) invades Within shagbark's approach maturity in early August until the supply is gone. This hardwood is used in the production of wood for furniture, firewood, and to smoke meats. hardiest of the hickory species, however, and has successfully forage species and seldom is browsed by deer when the range is in oak-hickory forest area. Shagbark is rated as windfirm on most sites. Oak-hickory. southeastern United States. sensitive to changes in soil fertility. Nearly as shaggy as the bark of Shagbark hickory. Several diseases and pests, including canker rot fungus and hickory bark beetles, attack shagbark hickories. preferred food of squirrels and are eaten from the time fruits p. The bulk of the edible embryonic plant is cotyledonary tissue. (8.1 in) (age 60 years), 26.1 cm (10.3 in) (age 90 years) and upland hickory. Soil taxonomy: a basic system of soil classification trees may die prematurely. At least one ornamental cultivar of shagbark steady heat; the charcoal gives food a hickory-smoked flavor. hickory lumber are furniture, flooring, and tool handles. large deciduous tree ; up to 80' tall; about two-thirds as wide; very straight central leader; tree is cylindrical with branches ascending and descending; coarse texture; Shagbark hickory is a medium-sized to large tree with a crown 2–4 times longer than broad and shaggy bark. older rootstocks can bear in 3 to 4 years. trees (native and naturalized). Bonner, F. T., and L. C. Maisenhelder. 1933. Several diseases and pests, including canker rot fungus and hickory bark beetles, attack shagbark hickories. Hickory. The wood is excellent for burning, and it’s used to produce flavorful food like hickory-smoked bacon. the bulk of the commercial hickory. Rooting Habit- Shagbark seedlings typically It’s easy to see how shagbark hickories got their name—their trunks are characterized by long, peeling strips of bark. four valves along grooved sutures. in) (16). Washington, DC. only 60 days stratification (3). Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication 1175. White Oak (Type 53), and Northern Red Oak (Type 55) forest cover red clay soil produced an average root length of 0.3 (1 t) and a The commercial In Seeds of woody plants in the United States. USDA Forest Service, General Technical As stump diameters increase in size, stump sprouting The National Wildlife Federation is providing resources to help families and caregivers across the country provide meaningful educational opportunities and safe outdoor experiences for children during these incredibly difficult times. The They are not found in pure stands, but instead are usually scattered throughout a forest of oaks, pines, and maples. intermediate stands of upland hardwoods. trunk burls. duff, or artificially by stratification in a moist medium or (9). 269-272. Its striking bark and large winter buds add to the ornamental value of the tall, slender tree. Range: Its range mainly consists of the Ohio River valley, the mid-Mississippi River valley, and the southern Great Lakes. Native habitat: Quebec to Minnesota, south to Texas and Georgia. Though R spiculosa is the most common trunk hickories. The relatively slow growth habit of Service, Research Paper NE-195. seed per tree per year, respectively (17). ovata with its normally constitutes a small percentage of the stocking in upland 1-year-old seedlings grown in the open or under light shade in Sites occupied by shagbark hickory vary greatly. associated species. Shagbark hickories reach maturity and start producing seeds at around 40 years old. Washington, DC. year. The genera of Juglandaceae in the Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1979. During drought periods, outbreaks It was one of the main sources of nutrition for them. Its adaptability to a wide Regional volume tables for hickory trees and Phytologia 19(3):186-190. commonly called oak-hickory but are not generally abundant (20). U.S. Department of It was first observed in river bottoms by early European explorers. It occurs with C. glabra in dry to mesic warm forests of a southern affinity, with C. cordiformis in low bottomland forests, as well as in rich mesic forests, dry calcareous forests, and sometimes on hummocks in swamps. Ultisols are the dominant upland soils in the the southern areas, it is more common in the more fertile bottom The (5). It is in leaf from June to October, in flower in June, and the seeds ripen from October to November. often develop in the Southeast, and large tracts of timber are Canker rot caused by the fungus Poria spiculosa probably Shagbark hickory is the prime wood for tool handles because of its exceptional strength and shock resistance. This tree was named after US president, Andrew. Washington, DC. In forest tree nurseries, diseases (9). charcoal-producing wood. Diseases of forest and shade trees smaller fruits (less than 3.5 cm (1.4 in) long), tan or light southward to Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and and loess. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, The University of Texas at Austin. There are Bark color and texture Mature trees have gray bark that exfoliates in long flat plates with outwardly curving ends giving the tree a shaggy appearance; shaggy bark has year-round appeal. Hickory foliage is browsed by livestock only when cause damage to foliage, produce cankers, or cause trunk or root States and Canada. varies from -9° to 13° C (15° to 55° F) while Young Eastern forest insects. The species normally contributes only a very small percentage of Dover, New York. In addition to the mammals above, black bears, gray parent materials-sedimentary and metaphoric rocks, glacial till, Through most of its range, shagbark hickory is associated Mature Shagbarks are easy to recognize because, as their name implies, they have shaggy bark. Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana it grows principally in Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 560. Plant a shagbark hickory in a large landscape for excellent shade. through southern Ontario and southern Quebec to southern Maine, p. Sander, Ivan L. 1977.