Some words that originally had /s/ are now pronounced with in Standard Bengali (পছন্দ, Some words that originally had /z/ are now pronounced with in Standard Bengali (সবজি 'vegetable', from Persian. Voiced dental and alveolar plosives. s and ʃ are often merged. Furthermore, using a form of reduplication called "echo reduplication", the long vowel in ca can be copied into the reduplicant ṭa, giving caṭa ('tea and all that comes with it'). [8] Most final consonant clusters were borrowed into Bengali from English, as in লিফ্ট lifṭ ('elevator') and ব্যাংক beņk ("bank'). Sanskrit (তৎসম tôtshômo) words borrowed into Bengali, however, possess a wide range of clusters, expanding the maximum syllable structure to CCCVC. Alveolar / æ l ˈ v iː ə l ər / consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the upper teeth. Bengali is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Greater Bengal by the Bengali ethnic group. Magadhan languages such as Bengali are known for their wide variety of diphthongs, or combinations of vowels occurring within the same syllable. Several vowel combinations can be considered true monosyllabic diphthongs, made up of the main vowel (the nucleus) and the trailing vowel (the off-glide). /ɔ/ corresponds to and developed out of the Sanskrit schwa, which is retained as such by almost all other branches of the Indo-Aryan language family. [14] This intonation pattern extends to wh-questions, as wh-words are normally considered to be focused. Further, the There are also y and w as predictable intervocalic glides, which are often confused in writing. Western Palato-alveolar and alveolo-palatal affricates চ [tɕɔ~tʃɔ], ছ [tɕʰɔ~tʃʰɔ], জ [dʑɔ~dʒɔ] correspond to eastern চ [tsɔ], ছ [tsʰɔ~sɔ], জ [dzɔ~zɔ].[18]. Although Standard Bangla is largely uniform across West Bengal and Bangladesh, there are a few sounds that are produced variably in different pronunciations of Standard Bangla (in addition to the myriad phonological variations in non-standard dialects): The murmured series is missing in the Eastern Bengali of Dhaka and in Chittagong Bengali, where it is replaced by tone, as in Panjabi (Masica 1991:102). য is the first consonant in the Approximant class. In the phonology of West and Southern Bengal, the distinction between র [r] and ড়/ঢ় [ɽ] is clear and distinct like neighbouring Indian languages. However, in sentences intonation does play a significant role. [15], Like most Magadhan languages, vowel length is not contrastive in Bengali; all else equal, there is no meaningful distinction between a "short vowel" and a "long vowel",[16] unlike the situation in most Indo-Aryan languages. one vowel flanked by a consonant on each side). pa:t ft jute, fold, and pa:t "ft leaf; ka:t awry, and ;f … Bangla words are currently romanized on Wikipedia using a phonemic transcription, where the pronunciation is represented with no reference to the spelling. Knowing this fact, some interesting cases of apparent vowel length distinction can be found. The influence of Tibeto-Burman languages on the phonology is mostly on the Bengali dialects spoken east of the Padma River and relatively less in West and South Bengal, as is seen by the lack of nasalized vowels in eastern Bengal, but nasalization is present in Indian Bengali dialects and an alveolar articulation for the otherwise postalveolar stops ট [t̠], ঠ [t̠ʰ], ড [d̠], and ঢ [d̠ʱ], resembling the equivalent phonemes in languages such as Thai and Lao. The difference between the dental and retroflex sounds is of very great signific importance, e.g. Firstly, while the Bengali language has as many as twenty plosives, the English language possesses six /p b t d k g/. The total number of diphthongs is not established, with bounds at 17 and 31. In Bengali, it developed two allophones: voiced palato-alveolar affricate /dʒɔ/ same as জ when used at the beginning of a word and the palatal approximant in other cases. It used to be the palatal approximant /j/, but in present day Bengali it is pronounced almost /d͡ʒ/, an affricate. However, final clusters do exist in some native Bengali words, although rarely in standard pronunciation. In Finnish, the dental stop /t/ contrasts with the alveolar stop /d/, although the latter is typically voiced or tapped as a secondary cue; moreover, in native words, the alveolar stop appears only as a lenition of the dental stop. [9] Two of these, /oi̯/ and /ou̯/, are the only ones with representation in script, as ঐ and ঔ respectively. The aspirated velar stop খ [kʰ] and the aspirated labial stop ফ [pʰ] of Poshcim Bengali correspond to খ় [x] and ফ় [f] or [ɸ] in many dialects of Purbo Bengali. Consonant Sounds – Voiced Consonants. The voiced alveolar, dental and postalveolar plosives … Study Flashcards On IPA: English Consonants + Vowels; Phonetics at Cram.com. For some speakers, can be analyzed as an allophone of either /ʃ/ or /tʃʰ/ ( for সালাম 'greetings' or বিচ্ছিরি for বিশ্রী 'ugly'). This intonational pattern creates a musical tone to the typical Bengali sentence, with low and high tones alternating until the final drop in pitch to mark the end of the sentence. For assistance with IPA transcriptions of Bengali for Wikipedia articles, see, /a/ is phonetically realised as a near-open central vowel [, Palato-alveolar affricates [tʃ] and [tʃʰ], and [dʒ] and [dʒʱ] can also be pronounced as alveolo-palatal affricates [, The murmured series is missing in the Eastern Bengali of Dhaka and in Chittagong Bengali, where it is replaced by, /bʱ/ is usually phonetically realised as either [bʱ] or [, /ʃ/ may be phonetically realised as either [ʃ] or [, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengali_phonology&oldid=991415797, Articles needing translation from foreign-language Wikipedias, Articles containing Bengali-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009, Articles needing additional references from February 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The Standard Bengali equivalent of chand would be চাঁদ chãd, with a nasalized vowel instead of the final cluster. For Bengali words, intonation or pitch of voice have minor significance, apart from a few cases such as distinguishing between identical vowels in a diphthong. Bengali (/ b ɛ n ˈ ɡ ɔː l i /), also known by its endonym Bangla (UK: / ˈ b ʌ ŋ l ə /; বাংলা), is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken by the Bengalis in the Indian subcontinent.It is the official and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh and second most widely spoken of the 22 scheduled languages of India, behind Hindi.. ই represents the uncommon [ɪ], but ঈ the standard [i] used for both letters in most other dialects. In yes-no questions, the rising tones may be more exaggerated, and most importantly, the final syllable of the final word in the sentence takes a high falling tone instead of a flat low tone. Sounds in parentheses are not distinct for all speakers. There is also a distinction between ই and ঈ in many northern Bangladeshi dialects. [10] Almost all other vowel combinations are possible, but only across two adjacent syllables, such as the disyllabic vowel combination [u.a] in কুয়া kua ('well'). যখন. a vs. ä Many well known languages, such as Spanish and Italian, have the vowel ä.However this vowel very is often simply written as a, so long as the language doesn't have true a, and so long as it is specified that a represents a "central low" vowel for the purpose of the document. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. [12] Also, in a declarative sentence, the stress is generally lowest on the last word of the sentence. In sentences involving focused words and/or phrases, the rising tones only last until the focused word; all following words carry a low tone. The phonemic inventory of Bangla consists of 29 consonants and 14 vowels, including the seven nasalized vowels. This happens owing to the absence of alveolar plosives like English /t /and /d/in his/her first language. The first syllable carries the greatest stress, with the third carrying a somewhat weaker stress, and all following odd-numbered syllables carrying very weak stress. The suffix ṭa ('the') can be added to ca to form caṭa ('the tea'), and the long vowel is preserved, creating a minimal pair ([ˈtʃaʈa] vs. [ˈtʃaˑʈa]). Several conventions exist for romanizing Languages of India, including IAST (based on diacritics), ITRANS (uses upper case letters suited for ASCII keyboards), and the National Library at Calcutta romanization. In the tables below, the sounds are given in IPA. Yes, there are many, and the reason is that ‘r’-ness is not a proper natural class in languages. Bengali words are virtually all trochaic; the primary stress falls on the initial syllable of the word, while secondary stress often falls on all odd-numbered syllables thereafter, giving strings such as সহযোগিতা shôhojogita [ˈʃɔhoˌdʒoɡiˌta] ('cooperation'). However, in words borrowed from Sanskrit, the root syllable has stress, out of harmony with the situation with native Bengali words. For example, there are three letters (শ, ষ, and স) for the voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ], although the letter স retains the voiceless alveolar sibilant [s] sound when used in certain consonant conjuncts as in স্খলন [skʰɔlon] "fall", স্পন্দন [spɔndon] "beat", etc. [6] Unlike most languages of the region, Purbo/eastern Bengali dialects tend not to distinguish aspirated voiced stops ঘ [ɡʱ], ঝ [dʑʱ], ঢ [d̠ʱ], ধ [dʱ], and ভ [bʱ] from their unaspirated equivalents, with some dialects treating them as allophones of each other and other dialects replacing the former with the latter completely. It is a scheduled language of India, but also the de facto official language of Pakistani Bengal. For some speakers, /s/ and /ʃ/ are phonemically distinct (আস্তে 'softly' vs. আসতে 'to come'). When it comes after a consonant in an conjunct, it is changed to the য-ফলা (jô-phôla, /d͡ʒɔ pʰɔla/), ্য, as in বাক্য (bakkô, /bakkɔ/, "sentence"). z is found mainly in foreign words.wp This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 23:18. Some variants on the Bengali-Assamese continuum, particularly the Chittagonian, Chakma and Sylheti languages, have contrastive tone and so differences in pitch can distinguish words.